Mountain Krakatau

Krakatau is still an active volcano in the Sunda Strait and between the islands of Java and Sumatra. This volcano has erupted on August 26, 1883. The explosion is very powerful and the resulting tsunami killed around 36.000 inhabitants. Up to date December 26, 2004, a tsunami is awful. Sound until you hear the eruption of Krakatau in Alice Springs, Australia and the island of Rodrigues near Africa, 4653 miles. Yield is estimated at 30,000 times the atomic bomb that exploded in Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II.

The eruption of Krakatoa caused global climate change. The world had darkened over the past two and a half days due to volcanic ash that covered the atmosphere. The sun was shining dim until next year.Scattering of dust visible in the sky Norway to New York.

Krakatau explosion was actually still less than the eruption of Mount Toba and Tambora volcano in Indonesia, Mount Tanpo in New Zealand and Mt Katmal in Alaska. However, these mountains erupted deep in the human population is still very small. Meanwhile, when the volcano Krakatau erupted, the human population is dense enough, science and technology has evolved, the telegraph was invented, and the submarine cable has been installed. Thus we can say that moment of information technology is growing and growing rapidly.

Noted that the eruption of Krakatau was the first major disaster in the world after the discovery of submarine telegraph. The progress is, unfortunately, has not been matched by progress in the field of geology. The geologist was not even able to give an explanation of these eruptions.

Mount Krakatau Purba

Seeing the area of Mount Krakatau in the Sunda Strait, experts estimate that in ancient times there is a huge mountain in the Sunda Strait that finally erupted leaving a massive caldera (crater big) called Ancient Krakatau volcano, which is the parent of the Krakatoa volcano that erupted in 1883. The mountain is composed of andesitic rocks.

Notes on Ancient Krakatau eruption taken from an ancient Javanese texts, entitled King Parwa Library presumably from the year 416 AD.Among others, stated:

"There was a sound of thunder that boomed from Mount Batuwara. There is also a scary earth tremors, total darkness, thunder and lightning. Then came the wind and rain storm and all the terrible storms darken the whole world. A great flood came from the Mountain and flows into Batuwara east toward Mount Kamula .... When water drown him, the island of Java, separated into two, creating an island of Sumatra. "

BG Escher geologists and other experts argue that some natural events that are told come from Ancient Krakatau volcano, which is referred to in the text Batuwara Mt. According to King Parwa Library books, the higher the Ancient Krakatau was reaching 2000 meters above sea level, and the circle of beaches reaching 11 kilometers.

Due to the great explosion, three-quarters of the body were destroyed leaving a caldera of Krakatau Ancient (a large crater) in the Sunda Strait. The sides or edges crater known as Rakata Island, Long Island and Island Sertung, in another note called the island of Rakata, Rakata Island and Small Island Sertung. The explosion was allegedly responsible for the occurrence of the dark ages on earth. Bubonic plague disease occurs because the temperature cools. This disease significantly reduces the number of people on earth.

The eruption was also regarded as contributing to the expiration of the glory of ancient Persia, the transmutation of the Roman Empire to the Byzantine Empire, the end of civilization of South Arabia, the extinction of a large Mayan city, Tikal and fall of civilizations in South America the Nazca enigmatic. Ancient Krakatau explosion is estimated to last for 10 days with an estimated mass of vomit speeds reach 1 million tons per second. The explosion has formed 20-150 meters thick atmosphere shields, lower the temperature by 5-10 degrees for 10-20 years.

The emergence of Mount Krakatau

Rakata Island, which is one of three remaining islands Ancient Krakatau volcano then grow in accordance with encouragement from the volcanic bowels of the earth known as Rakata volcano made of basaltic rocks. Then, the two emerged from the volcano crater, named Mount Danan and Mount Perbuwatan which later merged with Mount Rakata came first. The third union volcano is called Mount Krakatau.

Mount Krakatau erupted in 1680 had produced andesitic lava acid.Then in 1880, Mount Perbuwatan active issue, although not erupt lava. After that time, there was no volcanic activity at Krakatau until May 20, 1883. On that day, after 200 years asleep, a small explosion occurred at Mount Krakatoa. That would be the early signs of violent eruption in the Sunda Strait. This small explosion was followed by small explosions that peak occurs in 26-28 August 1883.

The eruption of Mount Krakatau

On the day Monday, August 27, 1883, promptly at 10:20, the mountain explodes. According to Simon Winchester, a geologist who graduated from the University of Oxford UK National Geoghrapic authors also said that the blast was the biggest, loudest voice and the most volcanic events destroyed in modern human history. Eruptive sound audible to 4600 km from the center of the eruption and can even be heard by 1 / 8 peduduk earth at that time.

According to researchers at the University of North Dakota, with the Krakatau explosion of Tambora (1815) recorded a value of Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI), the largest in modern history. While the book of The Guinness Book of Records recorded the explosion of Krakatau as the most powerful explosion in recorded history.

In addition, the explosion of Krakatoa had been throwing stones pumice and volcanic ash with a volume of 18 cubic miles. Vulkanisnya dust sprinkles mencavai 80 km. Hard objects are scattered into the air fell on the plains of Java and Sumatra, even to Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Australia and New Zealand.

As a result of the eruption destroyed Danan mountain, Mount Perbuwatan and part of Mount Rakata, where a half cone is missing, create a basin-wide and 7 km deep as 250 meters. Sea waves rising as high as 40 meters to destroy villages and whatever is on the coast.The tsunami was caused not only because of the eruption but also submarine sliding.

Recorded number of the dead reached 36,417 people from 295 villages in coastal areas ranging from Peacock (Attack) until cilamaya in Karawang, West coast of Banten on the screen until the Tanjung Pulai Panaitan (Ujung Kulon and southern part of Sumatra. In Ujungkulon, the flood went up to 15 km to the west. The next day, until a few days later, residents of Jakarta and Lampung hinterland no longer see the sun. generated tsunami waves propagate down to the coast and even Hawaii, the west coast of Central America and the Arabian Peninsula, a distance of 7 thousand kilometers.

Child of Krakatau

Starting in 1927 or approximately 40 years after the eruption of Mount Krakatau, appeared volcano known as Child of Krakatau caldera of an ancient region which is still active and still growing in height. High growth speed selitar 20 inches per month. Every year he would be higher around 20 feet and 40 feet wider. Another note to mention the addition of approximately 4 cm tiggi per year and if dihitu, then within 25 years the addition of high-achieving children Rakata 7500 inches or 500 feet higher than the previous 25 years. The cause of the high mountains due to the material that comes out of the new belly of the mountain. Currently the height of Krakatau Child reach about 230 meters above sea level, while Mount Krakatau previously had 813 meters high above sea level.

According to Simon Winchester, despite what happened in the life of Krakatau which used to be very scary realities of geology, seismic and tectonic in Java and Sumatra strange will ensure that what used to happen at some point will happen again. No one knows exactly when Child of Krakatau will erupt. Some geologists predict eruptions in going to happen between 2015-2083. However, the effect of the earthquake in the Indian Ocean base at December 26, 2004 also can not be ignored.

According to Professor Ueda Nakayama one Japanese national experts volcano, Child of Krakatau is still active and relatively safe although there are frequent small eruptions, there are only certain times of the tourists are prohibited from approaching the area because of the danger that it spit out lava of the volcano. Other experts claim there is no plausible theory of Child of Krakatau will again erupt. Even if there is at least 3 centuries or after 2325 AD But clearly, the number of victims caused more severe than the previous eruption.

DEBUS (Whistle)

After saying the mantra "you touch my skin haram, haram you drink my blood, you are forbidden to eat flesh, tendons kawang, Wesi bone, skin of steel, I come out of the mother's womb. I say la ilaha illahu ".And in that moment he stuck a knife into the thigh, arm, abdomen and other body parts. At the time of the attractions he also grabbed a small child's neck as he drew his machete to the child. Oddly swoop ex machete is missing leaving a very dangerous injury to the child.

Attraction is very dangerous as we used to know called Debus, Debus said that martial arts originated from the area of al Madad. The longer the martial arts is growing and growing up in all circles of society as art entertainment offerings to the public. The show is still very strong core of martial arts or martial arts movement and use of weapons. Debus arts offerings are many uses and focus on one player immune to attacks with sharp objects, and such a sharp weapon is called with the whistle.

Art is growing and developing since hundreds of years ago, coinciding with the development of the religion of Islam in Banten. In awalna this art has the function as the spread of religion, but in dutch colonial period and during Sultan Agung's reign Tirtayasa. Martial arts are used to evoke the spirit of warriors and the people against the occupation of offerings made dutch. Because at that time the power is not balanced, The Netherlands which has a very complete weapons and sophisticated. Continue to press fighters and people of offerings, the only weapons they have none other than martial arts heritage ie whistle, and they do a guerrilla insurgency.

Debus in Arabic which means a sharp weapon made of iron, has a pointed tip and slightly rounded shape. With this tool Debus injured players, and usually can not be penetrated even if Debus was beaten many times by others. Attractions Attractions body immunity is another variation that is performed Debus. Among other things, belly pierced with a sharp object or a spear, cut body with a machete until the injured and uninjured, eat fire, insert a long needle into the tongue, skin, cheeks until translucent and does not hurt. Cutting limbs up to hurt and bleed but it can be cured in immediately, flush the body with hard water until the clothes they wore dibadan crushed, chewed glass / glass flakes, burn the body. And many more attractions that they do.

In doing this attraction every player has a severe condition conditions, before performing a ritual they perform the ritual given by their teachers. Usually done 1-2 weeks before the ritual performed. In addition, they also claimed to have strong faith and be confident with the teachings of Islam. Abstinence for whistle players are not allowed to drink alcoholic beverages, gambling, playing a woman, or steal.And the players must also believe and not doubt hesitate in carrying out these actions, the offenses committed by a player can be very dangerous to the player's soul.

According to some historical sources, Debus has a relationship with a congregation in Islamic teachings. The gist of which is thick with religious philosophy, they are in very good condition because face to face with his god. They slammed their ketubuh sharps, no effort but because God alone. If God does not allow a machete, machetes and bullets hurt them. And they will not hurt.